Time to conserve ammunition

Shots of terrorists in Syria bled our arsenals, according to some estimates, nearly 40 percent. And there is no possibility quickly to fill them. The provision of the Russian army depends entirely on the state of the defense industry, in which a crucial role is played by the special chemistry: development and production of explosives (explosives), propellants, solid rocket propellants. And on this front the victories do not even remember. Thickness of material develops in the direction of increasing energy of gunpowder, which places new demands on production processes. 35 countries, including russia, possess such technology, albeit in varying degrees.

They are based on hundreds of designs solid-fuel charges and recipes, dozens of technical processes, scientific-research and design base. In the United States periodically produced and sent to the senate review documents "On the status of chemicals". Dynamics of production of various types of products is impressive. We have the same – the increase in emergency cases, disunity and lack of a unified industry management, aging groups, shortcomings in the training of chemists-synthetics, technologists, specialists in the assessment of explosive properties, test. In the end, the deficit or even the discontinuation of several strategic components. Scientific base of special chemicals in the us is concentrated in public institutions: lawrence livermore, argonne, los alamos national laboratory, a research center in China lake.

In the 80-ies there were 26 factories producing powder, solid rocket fuel and explosives. Part of the production belongs to the defense ministry. To date, there was a merger of a number of enterprises in the two leading companies: "Aerojet-general" and atk, bringing together manufacturing firms "Tiokol", "Hercules", "Pratt & whitney". This is due to the necessity of creating a unified system of fire and explosion protection, control and ensure backup capacity. The European defence agency (еda) also unites the efforts of specialists-chemists of many countries, and organizes and sponsors work together to create high-energy components.

Studies involving Germany, Italy, Norway, portugal, Finland, France, czech republic, Sweden. Established association in the field of special chemicals eurenco developed by NATO standards to evaluate products. All this allows to work according to uniform methods and standards, to ensure mutual supply of weapons, to lead the engineering of the main technological processes. And what have we?lost porokhovnichenko the great patriotic war in the country was established sectoral institutions and industry in the field of chemicals, extended university, technical and vocational education.

It gave results. By the beginning of the restructuring of the science and industry of powders, solid rocket fuels has been concentrated in three geographical zones. Over the kazan gunpowder factory avila the threat of relocation in mendeleyevsk. Photo: RIA Novostinearly included the following industry institutes and design bureaus, as tsniichm, soyuzpromniiproekt, zncb (Moscow); ngo "Soyuz" (Moscow); sktb (paris), as well as companies: "Kamensky plant" (kamensk-shakhtinsky), "Plant them. Morozova" (leningrad oblast), "Chemical plant im.

Kosyakova" (roshal), tambov gunpowder plant (kremenchug), "Aleksin chemical plant" (Moscow). They had collected the basic technological processes of chemicals. The ural belt: the branch institutes and design bureaus, scientific-research institute of polymeric materials (perm), kazan research institute of chemical products "Southernrock" (kazan), perm and kazan gunpowder factories, solikamsk factory "Ural", sterlitamak powder plant "Avangard", rezhskoe chemical plant (sverdlovsk region), "Kommunar" (kuibyshev). Siberian-altai zone: the branch institutes and design bureaus, the ngo "Altai" (biysk), the biysk chemical plant, the plant "Progress" (kemerovo), the chemical plant "Yenisei" (krasnoyarsk), the plant "Ansit" (novosibirsk region). Operated a whole system of industries and scientific institutions of the gunpowder industry. Not only was the powder of the far-Eastern belt, but this will still have to return after the construction of the vostochny space centre and the creation of solid-fuel boosters for extra heavy media. The system of training and appointment of leading cadres in ministries and enterprises were very effective.

At its core were professional and patriotic leadership, the national idea of advanced development. But since the late 80s powder industry went into a tailspin. Sectoral institutions changed their form of ownership have been separated, deprived of a unified leadership, lost some personnel and equipment. Cniichm – head of the powder institute – changed and transferred to the ministry of defence. Of niipm, soyuzpromniiproekt, sncb became part of the state corporation "Russian technologies" (now rostec).

Fr & pc altai is joined in the Moscow institute of thermal technology. Fkp "The kazan state research institute of chemical products" and fgup "Ftsdt "Union", however, remained the responsibility of the ministry of industry and trade of the Russian Federation. Not always these subordination has proved effective, as can be seen in the production of gunpowder. "Officials did not think about the future of industrial science, believes executive secretary of the committee of the perm regional branch of all-russian public organization of veterans of the armed forces rashid usmanov. – although at the end of the nineteenth century, dmitri mendeleev in the report to the minister peter vannovsky wrote: "To bind even stronger than it is now, military science, industry, the state and its military power is easier with the help of smokeless powder and in this bundle will be Russian enemy.

To destroy its naturalness it is impossible, sooner or later it will be expressed explicitly. Smokeless powder – this type of gunpowder, which is a new link between powerful countries and their scientific development. For this reason, belonging to a number of the warriors of Russian science, i in his declining years and strength did not dare to refuse editorial smokeless powder". The great scientist knew how to look far forward. In 2015, presidential address Vladimir Putin appealed to the legacy of mendeleyev, quoting: "Disparate destroy us, our strength is in our unity and in the army, benign domesticity and the natural growth of our inner wealth and peace". But our officials to mendeleev far.

This is well illustrated by the deplorable fate of the powder plants. The greatest destruction was subjected to a siberian-altai zone. There was privatized, liquidated and bankrupt the biysk chemical plant – one of the last giants of the industry (ballistite powder, composite solid rocket fuel). He produced the largest ttrd (up to 55 tons), made of gunpowder artillery, and solid-propellant charges.

City-forming enterprise of biysk in conjunction with frpc "Altai" could be the flagship company in the domestic chemicals, but its unique equipment is dismantled, cut and scrapped, design and technological documentation destroyed. Destroyed the production of a unique component for solid rocket fuels, which, incidentally, has not received a legal assessment. Many other enterprises fate is not better. Departed this life the manufacture of pyroxylin powders and composite solid rocket propellants at the kemerovo plant "Progress". He managed to save only the tooling for the s-300 pm, mlrs "Smerch", the sam "Buk", and some other equipment.

Discontinued manufacturer ballistite powders and solid rocket fuels at the krasnoyarsk chemical plant "Yenisei". Together with them, of course, lost a large group of qualified professionals. Ural powder belt suffered less, but the destructive process has touched him. Was eliminated rezhskoe chemical plant (manufacturing ballistite of gunpowder), and a barbaric way – scrapping. Perm powder plant lost a number of production sites.

"Over the past few years scrapped more than 1,200 tons of unique stainless steel equipment, some of the buildings are in ruins, says pain doctor of technical sciences, professor, laureate of the government prize of the Russian Federation, veteran of the defense industry gennadiy kutsenko. – at mirgorod, the last ceo, eliminated the modern production of "Industrial explosives" laid off more than 500 workers, the equipment leased. The number of staff has decreased three times – up to four thousand people. In nine years, there have been nine directors, three of them criminal charges, two were deprived of access to state secrets". Before perestroika, in perm there was the scientific-production association.

S. M. Kirov, which included a powder factory and of niipm, which was the most productive on promising developments. The company is now divided.

The general director is sometimes unable to find a common language, because their qualification does not always allow to discuss the problems of production of powders. The consequences of incompetence in the appointment of officers not in possession of relevant knowledge is well illustrated by the example of some of the plants. It is not surprising that the accounts payable of fkp "The perm powder mill" six months ago, according to our experts, amounted to about two billion rubles. And at the moment the situation has not improved. The remains of the former monotonous, there are enterprises where not all that bad? alas, the facts suggest otherwise. Fkp "Sterlitamak powder mill" in dashing years lost, the state defense order, destroyed the production of nitroesters, colloxylin.

The company can only work on imported powder grit, although involved in the implementation of the federal program. Uncertain future of the plant. Fkp "The kazan powder mill" specializiruetsya in the production of pyroxylin powders, fine furnished and equipped with an assembly production of artillery shells, but the company has long been hanging the threat of relocation in mendeleevsk, in the current economic climate is extremely problematic. Jsc "Solikamsk factory "Ural", manufacturer of artillery, mortar and spherical powders, has undergone tough reforms, once in rostec. The removal of military protection, replacement of the director general led to the destruction of production of spherical powders, the dismantling of the site compaction, loss experts. The plant is not included in any federal program.

Attempts to restore production, using.